Ball Screws Top Ball Screws Q&A Reasons for Preloading a ball screw
Ball Screws and Ballscrew Actuators Q&A
Reasons for Preloading a ball screw What is Critical Speed?
What is Basic Dynamic Load Rating? What is the purpose of Lubrication?
What is Basic Static Load Rating? I want to know about Accuracy Grades
How is Ball Screw Life Calculated? What about Material and Heat-Treatment?
What is Backlash? I want to know about Ball Screw Noise
What is Ballscrew Actuator?
Reasons for Preloading a ball screw
One of the distinctive features of a ball screw is the ability to have increase rigidity by preloading.  In order to increase the rigidity of a ball screw, "preloading" must be applied to reduce an axial clearance between a ball nut and the screw shaft.  Precise positioning can be achieved by the application of preloading.  However, it is of great importance to apply only the proper amount of preloading in order to prevent excessive heat-generation and premature termination of ball screw's expected life.
There are various methods of ball screw preloading as shown in the following.  Kuroda uses: Oversized Bal Preload for light to medium loading applications, and Double Nut (Pin Method) for medium and higher loading applications. 
Oversized ball preload
Integral preload
This method employs one ball nut, with steel balls slightly larger than the ball-groove-space inserted to form a 4-point contact preload.  This is suitable for light to normal preload.

This method employs a single nut with an integral pitch-shift (a+a shown above) of the recirculating circuit at the center of a ball nut.  The amount of this shift represents the amount of preload.  This method is suitable for normal preload.

Double nut preload (Pin method)
Double nut preload (spacer method)

Two ball nuts are used in this method.  Preloading is created by both nuts being tighten from each other about the screw shaft.  To prevent the ball nuts from rotating against each other, a Fixed-pin is inserted between the two.  This method is suitable for medium to heavy preload.

Two ball nuts are used.  A spacer is inserted between the nuts to create a preload.  This is suitable for medium to heavy preload.

Double nut preload (Spring method)

Two nuts are used.  A spring is inserted between the nuts to create a preload.  This method is suitable when minimum rotational torque variation is desired.